Typhoid fever management pdf

Pdf the incidence and management of typhoid fever in. There is enough evidence to show that the prevalence of typhoid fever in any community is an index of communal hygiene and effectiveness of sanitary disposal. In recent years, salmonella typhi has also proved resistant to trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. Untreated, it is fatal in around 25 percent of cases. However, it remains a serious health threat in the developing world, especially for children. Pdf control of typhoid fever relies on clinical information, diagnosis, and an understanding for the epidemiology of the disease. Typhoid fever is contracted by drinking or eating the bacteria in contaminated food or water. In fact, the existence of antibioticresistant bacteria is a growing problem in the treatment of typhoid fever, especially in the developing world. Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever are treated with antibiotics. It is transmitted faecoorally through contaminated food and water. Fifteen years have elapsed since chloramphenicol was first employed for the treatment of typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is caused by salmonella typhi bacteria. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Management of typhoid fever and its complications annals.

During this period, it has become the accepted drug for the control of the acute typhoidal infection. To determine if there is a source of infection of public health concern e. Resistance to antibiotics is increasing pdf icon pdf 516 kb in the bacteria that cause these diseases. Typhoid fever guide to surveillance and investigation last revised. When bacteria are resistant to antibiotics, the bacteria are not killed and their growth is not stopped when antibiotics are taken. Cdc has conducted surveillance for typhoid fever since 1975. Symptoms include a high fever and gastrointestinal problems some.

People with acute illness can contaminate the surrounding water supply through stool, which contains a high concentration of the bacteria. It is largely a disease of developing nations due to their poor standard of hygiene and unavailability of potable water. December 23, 20 florida department of health page 2 of 11 typhoid fever 1. National typhoid and paratyphoid fever surveillance. Typhoid is a common bacterial infection in countries with low incomes. Contamination of the water supply can, in turn, taint the food supply. The clinical presentation of typhoid fever varies from a mild illness with lowgrade fever, malaise, and slight dry cough to a severe clinical picture with abdominal discomfort and multiple complications. State and local health officials use a standard report form to report detailed epidemiologic information on laboratoryconfirmed cases, including patient demographic and clinical information, typhoid vaccination status. Typhoid fever causes, symptoms, treatment and vaccine. Typhoid fever spreads through contaminated food and water or through close contact with someone whos infected.